Compressed-air starting and reversing means



March 26, 1929. A. u. s. DANIELSSON COMPRESSED AIR STARTING ANDREVERSING MEANS Filed Nov. 23, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet /7. u. 6. Danielssofilmrentor 4, a, w

March 1929* A. u. s. DAVNIELSSON 0 COMPRESSED AIR STARTING AND REVERSINGMEANS Filed Nov. 23, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 /7. U. S. Dam'elsson InventorMarch 1929- A. u. s. DANIELSSON COMPRESSED AIR STARTING AND REVERSINGMEANS 3 Sheets-Sheet Filed Nov. 23, 1925 Uri Patented Mar. 26, 192 9. i

UNITED Sims PATENT VQOFFFICEQZ" AXEL UNO STURE nAmsLsson; or s'roexnotm,SWEDEN, ssrenoa To AKTIIE- BOLAGET ATLAS-DIESEL, ors'rocxnonm swnnnn. vr

coivrrianssnn-Am STAR ING ANnuuvERsme MEAN Application fil ed November23, 1925, Seria1iNo 70,980, and in Sweden December 1, 1924.

This inventionrelates to a mechanism in internal combustion engines themain object of which is to reverse the rotary direction of the same bymeans of compressed air but which may be used also for the starting ofthe engine. The invention may be applied to engines provided withignitionichamber as well as to engines of Dieseltype. Ac-I cording tothe invention a cam or the like whichfcontrols the fuel pump or anyother member, which effects the feeding of the fuel into the combustionchamber of the engine and also controls the inlet valve for thecompressed air, is. shiftabl'e intoftw'o' different positions relativelyto the crank of the engine for movement forwards and backwardsrespectively. In the transmission between the said cam and theinletvalve for the compressed air a hitand miss device is provided, sothat the said valve is acted upon by the cam only while the engine runsof the suction valve and the; retaining of same inopen position is,efiectedby a con vcyer, which is rotated by the cam shaft by frictionand by means of a suitable mot-ion transmitting device opens the suctionvalve,

the rotary direction of the engineis reversed from forwards to backwardsorvice versa. Owing to the fact, that in thesaid manner motions for thefeeding of the fuel,

the interruption ofsaine and the controlling.

of the adniission valve for compressed air.

are derived from the camshaft a single] hand lever or the like may beprovided-for the reversingof therotary direction of the engine will. beperceived from the following description, the controlling ofjthe enginebeing thereby considerably ifacili tated. o r i In. the accompanyingdrawings-a form iof the invention applied to an'engi'ne driven liquidfuel according to the system solid injection, is shown asan example,Fig; 1

shows the reversingmechanism. in side view. Fig. 2'1s a plan View of thesame. Figs. 3

and 4 show in a side view and in a longitudinal section, th ishiftabl'eadapted tooperate the fuel pump as well as to actuate the admissionvalve for' the compressed an. Fig. 5 1s a side VIGW'Of the cam shaft. Fig; is alongitudinal sectionof the conveyerstated above. Fig. 7 showsthefuel-pump and its suction valveon a greater air. Fig. 9 is a detail viewshowing a hit} and miss d-evice locked in inactive position.

Fig. 10 showsin a side view an engine ar ranged in accordance with theinvention. A is the working cylinder of the engine and B the flywheel.The reversing mechanism is provided in a casing(] and the fuelpump islocated in; casing D.

"1 ist he cam discv operating the fuel pump.

The said cam disc is shiftable into two difv ferent positions on theshaft 2. rotating the same and actsupon alever arm 5 by means ofits'projection '3, said lever'jarm 5, being pivoted at 4 and forcingthepiston or plung;

er a of the fuel pumpinw'ardsagainst the i action of a spring I).Tlie'suction valve of the fuel pump is designated by c. the. plunger aismoved outwards by the's'pring b fuel is sucked from 'a supply pipe (I,passes through the valve 0 and a channel '6.

intothe cylinder f of the pump. v During the inward stroke of the"plunger a fuel is forced throughaspring actuated delivery valve 9 and'tl'irough a pipe g to a fuel" spreading valve h, which maybe of anysuitable or known construction,' and into the" combustion chamberof'the. working cylinr der 7' of theengine. If the rotary direction ofthelengi'ne should be reversed for instance from forwards tobackwards,thee-am disc 1 is-shifted on the shaft 2, so that th'e'position' of thecam disc with relation to the crank of the engine, wh le the, engineruns backwards, corresponds'tothe position of the cam disc and the saidcrank relatively-to one another during theru'nning of the engineforwards-and the forcing of fuel into the the working piston iscombustionchamber z' of the engine is started. at the end ofth'e'coinpression stroke of journaled in the frame of the engine andprovided with hand lever 9. As the said hand lever 9 is shi ted, the camdisc 1 is slid on the shaft 2 in the one and the other directionrespectively by the fork 6. In'the inner side of the disc 1 twolongitudinal grooves 15 and 16 are provided, which in the differentpositions respectively of the cam disc co-operate with a key 17 fixed onthe shaft 2. A longitudinal ridge 20, 10-" rated between the grooves and16 and bounding the same at their one side, extends unto the right endof the cam disc, Fig. 4, while a ridge 22 extending round the inner sideof the cam disc and bounding the grooves 15 and 16 at their oppositesides does not extend to the said end.

vVhile the engine runs in the one direction and the cam disc 1 isrotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 3, the key 17engages the groove 16. For the reversing of the rotary direction of theengine the cam disc l'is slid by means of the hand lever 9 toward theleft, Fig. 4, until the ridge 22 is located outside the left end of thekey 17. The engagement of the shaft 2 with the cam disc 1 is therebyinterrupted, for which reason the movement of the cam disc 1 isretarded, while the shaft 2 continues in its rotation, until the key 17strikes the opposite or. left hand side of the ridge and again causesthe cam disc 1 to rotate with the shaft 2. The 'cam disc 1' may then heslid toward the right by means of the hand lever 9 or by the'action of aspring 9*, Fig. 10, so that the V groove 15 engages the key 17 and thecam disc is locked to the shaft. During the said shifting of the camdisc 1, however, the projection 3 has come into a different positionperipherically relatively to the shaft 2 or has been'shifted through acertain angle to ward the left, Fig. 3, corresponding to the angulardistance between the grooves 15 and 16, which new position of the camdisc corresponds to the driving of the engine in a di- .lOIl opposite tothe previous direction. If the rotary direction of the engine should beagain reversed, the cam disc 1 is again disengaged from the key 17 bymeans of the hand lever 9, whereupon the key 17 runs idle inside the camdisc, Iuntil it strikes the right-hand side of the ridge 20, and the camdisc may be caused to engage the said ridge by means of its groove 16.

'23 is a bell crank lever pivoted at 24. One of the. arms of the. saidlever is connected with the lever 5 means of the link The connectioncomprises a pin 26 engaging a slot 27 provided in the link and at 31,said surface 30 having a notch 29. A spr1ng'33 forces the said arm 32against a rod 34, Figs. 1 and 10, acting upon a two armed lever Zactuating a valve on provided between a receptacle containing compressedair (not shown) and the working cylinder ofthe engine. The said valve mis held in closed position by a spring a. Tongue 28- is acted upontoward the arm 32 by a spring 35, fixed in the bell-crank lever 23'. lfhile the hitand miss device is operative, tongue 28 is moved upwardsjbythe lever arm 5, link and bell crank lever 23 and. down wards by areturn spring 'ltl fixed to the lever 23 and the frame of the e' Qjine.'lluring the said movement the upper end of the tongue 28 slides on theoblique surface and, as

long as the velocity of the engine is slight, I

the upwardly moved tongue 28engages the notch 29 and swings the arm 32upwards, thus opening the valve m1, so that the engine is driven by thecompressed air. As soon as, however, the velocity of the engine hasincreased and gained substantially its normal amount the lateralmomentum imparted to the upwardly moved tongue 28 by the oblique Vsurface 30 swings the tongue 28 outwards toward the left, so that itmisses the notch 29 and does not act upon the arm 82.

Tongue 28 is then locked in an upper inactive position in themannerstated below and illustrated in. Fig. 10. V v

The first step of the reversing operation consists in interrupting thesupply of fuel, which in the present CaseiseifeCted by open ing thesuction valve 0 of thefuel pump. the following means are provided forthis purpose. On the shaft 2 a sleeve 41 is. fixed, provided with agroove, in which a ring 42 can rotate. The said ring 42 is locatedbetween one. of the bounding flanges of the 41 tends to carry withitself'the ring 42, while the shaft is rota-tedin the one or the.

other direction. A T-shaped teeth 47 isprovided on the peripherical sface of the ring 42 and adapted to co-operate with a "T5 lit) shapedtooth 48 on a link 49, which is con nected with. an arm 50, fixed to arocking shaft 51. To the said shaft 51 a two-armed lever 52, 53 isfixed. The arms 52 and 513 of the said lever are connected by means oflinks 54 and 55 respectively with an arm 57, fixed on a shaft 56. Theconnection between the links 54 and 55 comprises a pin 58 fixed l withhelical springs 62 and 63, which act.

, teeth t? and beside the hit and miss device fuel pump.

toward'theleft pin 58 moves freelyin-the in the arm 57 and engagingslots 59 and 60 provided in the links 54 and 55 respectively.

Shaft 56 is provided with a cam disc 0, which n an opening in the link49 and is providedupon opposite sides of the link 49 and bear againstflanges'ti on the link 61 andagainst sleeves 65, slidable on the link 61and bearing against the link 49.

66 is a pawl, which is pivotedat G7 and acted upon by a spring 68, Theobject of;

the said pawl 66 is to engage a tooth 69 provided on thebell crank lever23 and thus, lock the said lever 23 and the tongue 28 in the upper,inactive position,mentioned above and shown in Fig. 9. In the saidposition the slot 27 permits the lever arm 5 to swing without actingupon the bell. crank lever A link 70 connects a mounting 71 fixed on thelinkGl with an arm 72 fixed to a r0 tatable shaft? On the said shaft aratchet wheel 74: is fixed which isprovided for instance with eightteeth and is engaged by spring actuated pawl 75 carr ed 'by'the arm 72.A star shaped wheel 7 6 IS'fiXGCl' on the shaft 7 8 and adapted toactupon a proiection 66 providedonithe pawl 66 Fig. 9

. 'in order to bring the-pawlz66 out of engagement with the tooth 69 andthus to make free the hitand miss device.

is held out of operation by-the pawl 66 en gaging the tooth G9. The camshaft 2ro' tates for instance in the direction indicated b the arrow,Fig. 1, and the projection} of the cam disc 1 actuates the piston (L ofthe fuel pump of the engine, so that the engine runs in the ordinarymanner. As the. hand lever 9 is shifted for the reversing of the rotarydirection of the engine, link 49 is first lowered, so that the T-shaped,tooth 47' en gages the T-shaped tooth 48, in the manner shown in Fig. 1,and moves the links 49 and '54 toward the left, during which movementthe link, 5e shifts the arm 57 and turns the shaft-56 againstthe actionof a spring 77 and thus opens the suction valve c of the While the link54 is moved slot 60 of the link 55. 'As soon as. the suction valvecofthe fuel pumpis opened, the velocity of the engine is reduced. As thehand re'ction.

enginehas been reversed, ring42-is rotated pawl 7 5 into engagement withthe subsequent stated above without any member being damaged,he swingsthe hand lever 9 for a further step in'the same direction, so that thethe key 17 by means of the fork6. At the same time link 61 swings thearm 72 downwards for a further distance so that the pawl 7 2 engages fthe subsequent tooth of the 'ratchet wheel T l. As the hand lever 9 isthen swung in the oppositedirection, the. fork 6 bllDQ'S the cam disc 1.again into engage. ment with the key 17' but now 'in such a position,that theram disc occupies a posicam disc is brought .out of engagementwith tion adapted for the driving of the engine 1 in opposite direction,as explained above.

During the shifting of the hand lever 9 in the direction last mentionedthe arm 7 2 to gether with the pawl? 5 is moved upwards, so that thepawl 7 5 rotates theratchet wheel 74 and thus the star wheel 76, whichlatter acting upon. the lower arm of the pawl 66 disengages the saidpawl, so'that the hitandmi'ss device is rendered free during the lastpart of the shifting of the hand lever 9; As long as the enginerruns ata sufficiently great-1 velocity the'tOngIie QS, moved by the} lever 5through the motion'transmittingdevice 27 23 and against the act-ion of aspring 78, effects .some idle strokes, so that the tongue 28 does notact upon the' armBQ.

Owing to the fact,'however, that the supply of fuel to the workingcylinder j of the en- While the engine operates normally, link "49 isheld ina raised position, in which the tooth L8 is located outside thepath'ofthe and as soon asthe said velocity has beensufiiciently reducedeither before or after the].

"disengaging of the pawl 6,6,thetongue 28 will engagethe notch29 of thearm 32, so

thatxthe hitand miss device during each revolutionof-the engine opensthe air valve m." Owing to the shifting of the cam-disc 1 thusdescribed, the air valve mwill be held 1n openpos tion during thelastpart of the compression stroke of the piston of the en-' gine, forwhich reason the air at first exerts a checkingaction duringone or morerevo 'lutionsof the engine shaft, until the inertia. of the fiy-wheelist-not able to ro-tate the crank past its inner dead centre, for whichreasonthe engine turns back-and the com pressed air then impartsimpulsesto the en-" gine driving the same'in the new rotary di-Afterthe' rotary directionof the by theshaft 2 isthe oposite direction,so. that the T-shaped tooth 47 is disengaged 7 from'the T-shaped tooth48. Spring 7 7now swings the arm 57 towardtheright,sothat impropermoment.

then remain in their n above.

the motion transmit vbeen sul'liciently increased, tongue 28 el'lectsidle strokes, as well understood from the above description and, owingtothe fact that the fuel pun'ip now operates, the engine is again normallydriven by fuel tiled into the combustion chamber 2' oi the engine. Asperceived trein the above description no fuel will be fed into the saidchamber an The tension of the spring 78 is so adapted, that, after theen ginc gained substantially normal locity, the inertia of the lever 23and the tongue 24:, while moving; iuiwari s, is able to overcome thetension of the spring 78, so

that the tongue 28 moves through a d'stanre whic 1 is greatcrthan thedistanc through l whicl the lever 5 moves the same, the said addition ofmovement being: rendered pee-- ased in the opposite or right end of theT-shaped teeth 47 of the ring; 42, Fig. 1, the left end of the T-shapedteeth 48, so that the link 49 is moved toward the right and by means otM device 52, 51, 53

moves the link 55 toward the left so that also in this case the arm 57is swungtoward the left and the suction valve 0 of the fuel pump isopened. Owing to the T-shape oi the teeth t? and 4-8 the links?) ret'icd in a reliable'manner in its shifted position and keeps the suctionvalve 0 in its open position, until therotary motion of the en g ne hasbeen reversed and Consequently ring 4%.. is rotated, in the oppositedirection and the teeth 45? disengaged from the tooth 48. As the link4:9 is torced downwards, tooth i8 l'icai's against the pm'iphericalsurfaces of the sleeve 41 and the ring; 44., so that at the shifting oi:the hand lever for the shittingof the cam disc 1, spring 62 is somewhatcompressed. the link 61 is movedupwards at the shifting of the handlever 9 in the. opposite direct 1, also spring (33 somewhat compressedwhile tooth still the too-ch43 so that the spring- 63 will swing thelink 49 upwards, as soon the tooth 4;? disengaged from the teeth .s is

As perceived from the above description all functions, necessary for thereversing of the rotary direction of the engine are eiiec ed by shiftingthe hand lever 9. ning; of the engine is thereby rendered peciallysimple. The air necessary for the reversing of the engine may be gainedin I the usual manner by means of a disengage- As the link 49 is thenlowered themovement forwards and backwards The runable compressor drivenby the engine and an air receptacle. Instead of air any other suitable,compressed gas may housed. V

The deseribedand shown means may, evien ine in either direction by meansof cornb pressed a r. I e e i Owing. to the fact that the bearing surandface for the tongue of the hitmiss device is provided on the n'icinber(arm which (Io-operates with the tongue and ""ed by tc y a-oa ted forthe proper co-operation of: the nienricrs, andv no'adjusting de vice isnecessary, as, on the other hand. the case at hitand miss d used, thetongue oi which-sl to plane separated ti-"in the ac-tu The invention maybe modiried respects without ej sam I claim:

1. in a device for s bi'lstion engines wel tary direction 0' compress-cupump for feeding fuel. into working cylinder or the engine, valve,controlling on a spec nieinoer. in many acceding the limits oft-he thecompressed medium, means inter ruptingr the function 01? c said pump, rf

a rotating; cam, adapted to actu to the said pump and, after theinterruptionof its function, also the said valve, and means for shiftingthe said cam into two different angular positions with relation to thecrank of the motor shaft wl ereby driving.medium i admitted into theWorking cylinder at the position of the piston at the one 2111C theother side respect vely of the dcad centcr fo res ecl tivciy.

2. in a device for startinginternal combustion engines as well asreversing the 10- tary direction of the same by means oif'a compressedmedium the combination of a pump 7 for feeding fuel into theWVOi'iilllf}; cylinder of the on; i .e, a valve cont the compressed metn, means for ruptinp; the function o-t the said pir rotat shaft, a camprovided on the -Fi 1., .s {1- 1PM, 1/ v,

new i eta-prev. l0 acruaic tie id, pump nd, i r the interruption of thefunction the 5 pump reeves provid g d in the cani laterally of one"another, an abutment provided on the cam" between said grooves and a keyon said shaft dapted upon relative movement between the shaft and camperipherally to strike said abutment and. then be brought into e ag withthe of the grooves and the angular posit-ion of the cam with relation tothe crank of the motor shaft determined by the same being.

so adapted that driving medium is admitted into the Working cylinder atthe position or (.ent-ly, be used also for the starting of the the same,the said surl' see may adjacent groove, the positions lai ill)

also the said valve, two

said piston at the one and the other side respectively of the deadcenter for movement forwards and backwards respectively.

3 In a device for starting internal combustion engines as well asreversing the rotary-direction of the same by means of compressedmedium, the combination of a pump for feeding fuel into the workingcylinder of the engine, a valve controlling the compressed medium, meansfor inter-- rupting the function of the said pump, a

tating cam, adapted to actuate the said pump and after the interruptionotthe function of the pump, also the said valve and to shifted mto tWOtllffQTQIli? angul r positions 'w1th relation to the crank of the motorshaft for starting and movement forwards and backwards r spectlvely, andmotion transmitting means between the said cam and the said valve;comprising a hit and miss device including amovablemember, a swingabletongue, a carrier for the tongue imparting a reciprocating movementthereto, said tongue cooperating with said movable member, and a returnspring for said carrier, the tension of the said spring beingv soadapted that, when the engine, after the starting or after the reversingof the same,

rotates at substantially normal velocity, the

inertia of the tongue and its carrying member overcomes the tension ofthe spring, so

that the tongue moves through a greater stroke, and a catching devicelocking the tongue after having been thus moved.

4. In a device for'starting internal combustion engines as well asreversing the rotary direction of the same by means ofa compressedmedlum the combination, of a pump for feeding fuel into the workingcylinder of the engine, a valve controlling the compressed air, arotating cam, adapted to actuate the said pump and, after the interruption of the function of the pump, also the said valve and to'beshifted into two differ-' ent angular positions with relation to the'crank of the motor shaft forstarting and movement forwards and backwardsrespecgagement with the said catching member,

tively, a rotatable catching member, means for rotating the same byfriction, a link, and means for bringingthe'said lmk mto onso that thelink is moved longitudinally, and

means whereby the said link, when thus mevechopens the suction valve ofthe said 'fuel pump, so that the feeding of fuel ismterrupted, until therotary direction of the enginehas been reversed.

1 5. Starting and reversing device as stated in claim 4, characterizedby the catching memberand the link beingeach provided with a T-shapedtooth, means for bringing the link with its tooth into'the path of thetooth of the catching member, so that the tooth of the conveyer memberengages the. tooth of the lmk and retains the link and the suctionvalveof the pump in open posi-Y tion, until the rotary direction of theengine and the catching member-has been reversed. 6. Starting andreversmg device as stated in cla m 4, characterized by the catchingmember and the link being each provided with a Tshaped tooth, meansforbrmgmg 1 tween the arms of. said lever and the suction valveactuating. member as the one or the other arm is operative, so that thesuction valve is opened at the actuation of the said link in the one andthe other direction.

7. In a starting and reversing device as stated in claim 3thc provisionof a member adapted to'disengage the catching member of the hit and missdevice, and means actuating the said disengaging member at the shiftingof the cam.

VAXEL UNO STURE DANInLssoN. I r

